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How To Manage The Process Efficiently (2)

2008/10/11 17:36:00 41848

　 1. programming
Scientific decisions require "multiple options", which are found in comparison. Therefore, only when a certain number of alternatives can be formulated, will it be possible to pass a careful evaluation and comparison and choose the best or most satisfactory scheme. The comparison of multiple plans is the basis for making scientific decisions. When managers face problems, if there is only one solution, it is very difficult to make scientific decisions.
There are not only multiple options for the proposed plan, but also the principle distinction between multiple alternatives, not just the details. If the quality of the proposed alternative is not high enough, it is impossible to choose a high quality plan from it. If there are too few alternatives, there is not much room for selection. Therefore, the quantity and quality of alternatives will have a great impact on the final decision making. Only after a certain quantity and quality of alternatives has been worked out can we find the most effective way to achieve the established goal and the least cost solution as a plan of action.
The proposed plan should be formulated in different ways and from different angles. It is not only logical thinking but also intuition and image thinking. Various brainpower technologies, such as brainstorming, Gordon's law, and the opposite method, should be widely used in the formulation of the plan. Only in this way can we develop creative thinking as much as possible, encourage and promote the emergence of new ideas and creative ideas so as to broaden the vision of formulating the plan and improve the quality of the proposed scheme.
　 2. scheme evaluation
In the process of formulating the plan, we should discuss it collectively and seriously analyze the complicated situation and different opinions. The plan evaluation should also be like this. All the plans formulated should be analyzed and evaluated from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis mainly uses people's knowledge, experience and ability to make direct evaluation of the scheme. Qualitative analysis is especially important for some decisions which are influenced by social, economic and environmental factors, which are complicated and changeable and difficult to quantify. However, such methods are often subjective and argumentation, and need to be supplemented by quantitative analysis. The two methods are applied together. Quantitative analysis is mainly to transform all kinds of plans into mathematical models, and get the solutions of each model, so as to evaluate alternatives. This method can make the advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives more scientific, which is conducive to the selection and optimization of the scheme.
But whether qualitative or quantitative analysis, the analysis of various plans should focus on the pros and cons of each alternative and weigh the effectiveness of each alternative to achieve the desired objectives. We should fully estimate several aspects of the plan, good and bad, smooth and difficult, possible and impossible. To think of several possibilities of things, be careful and considerate as much as possible. Then, through preliminary comparison and screening, the policy makers eliminated some obvious defects, and made up and improved the remaining ones for further selection. In addition, the design of the scheme is not completed at a time. After the initial design, it needs to be repeated and enriched to improve gradually.
It is extremely important to consider the drawbacks of a plan. Many of them were originally a good plan and failed in the implementation process. The reason was that they failed to take into account the potential difficulties when analyzing the pros and cons, so as to formulate various remedial measures. The decision maker should pinpoint the shortcoming of a plan. With this step, the decision-maker can foresee the possible adverse results in the implementation of the plan, so that he will not be overwhelmed by the unforeseen consequences of the scheme.
3. scheme selection
The best way to choose a plan is to weigh the pros and cons from a variety of alternatives, and make a good decision. To choose, there must be a standard of choice. Once the criteria of the evaluation plan are determined, the alternatives can be selected.
Different types of schemes have different evaluation criteria, but there are some common evaluation criteria. Generally speaking, these standards are applicable to any type of options: first, to ensure the realization of decision objectives; second, to ensure the realization of decision objectives, the cost (manpower, material resources, financial resources, time, etc.) should be paid as little as possible.
When evaluating alternatives, if the evaluation index is only one, and the number of alternatives is not large, it is easy to identify the best among them. But when the number of alternatives is large and there are many evaluation indicators, especially when there are contradictions between many evaluation indicators, it is generally impossible to select a plan with the best of all indicators. This requires a compromise between the various indicators and comprehensively weighs the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the selected schemes do not necessarily have all the best indicators. They are often better indicators and take account of other indicators. Such schemes are generally easy to be selected.
Decision makers are the masters of decision making. Decision making is always the final decision of decision makers. In order to make scientific decisions and avoid subjectivity, it is necessary to extensively solicit opinions. However, the decision-makers should straighten out their relations with experts. They should boldly involve experts in decision-making, respect the opinions of experts, pay attention to the discussion between different ideas and viewpoints, and at the same time have their own opinions. They should not be replaced by experts instead of leaders. As a decision-maker, we must rely on both experts and scientific thinking to make decisions. In a sense, the latter is even more important.
4. programme remedies
After evaluating the alternatives, and initially selecting satisfactory solutions, the implementation plan of the scheme will then begin. After the selection of the scheme, another important task is to consider what problems may arise during the implementation of the plan, what adverse consequences will arise after these problems arise, and prepare corresponding preventive measures and contingency measures so as to reduce the possibility and danger of those potential problems, and they can be remedied when they occur.
Decision making is complex. Decision makers can not take all factors into account. Many factors are unpredictable, which may lead to potential problems. Hidden problems are hidden behind things, so they are easy to be ignored. The analysis and prevention of potential problems is a very important task in scientific decision making. If we do this work well, we can take precautions against danger and ensure the continuity and success of decision-making. If we do not understand or do not want to make such an analysis, we will be caught off guard when we fail in the implementation. If we do not take precautions against it, we will fail the original good decision plan in the implementation process or achieve little results, or produce many side effects. If we consider the direct consequences of a plan beforehand, and think of the possible difficulties in implementing this plan, and the measures and conditions to overcome these difficulties, we may take precautions against possible problems, and these defects may be avoided or greatly reduced.